The event in the life of Balinese are many, which
has a great different from people living in advance
countries. Balinese for every one who lives with
traditional Hindu is bound by an obligation come
mostly from religion and tradition which are now
mixed without clear line. One of the main tradition
still living until today is a tradition called "
Manusa Yadnya ", meaning sacrificed work for
human being. The meaning of this is an obligation
to conduct a religious rituals along the life of
a person during certain age. Even later the ritual
extended even before and after life of a person,
so this is not just a circle life rites, but more
extensive ritual involved the idea of human worldly
and non worldly life. The basic rituals are following
the birth, marriage and death. Each of these ritual
involves the most consuming energy and time. Birth
rite is called Ngotonin, marriage rite is called
Nganten, and death ritual is called Ngaben. From
here is clear that is a different nature between
Nganten and marriage or wedding party for educated
person. We can guess the feeling of a wedding party
and a Ngaben event. A Nganten event will involve
the feeling of parents of both bridge and groom
a pious yet bit strain situation on the effort of
fulfilling the correct and complex ritual. So the
feeling of joy would not be the predominant moment
for all parties in this situation, every one would
center their effort on how the ritual be completely
correct and and the member of the traditional organization
be satisfied in terms of manners.
If we see the steps of a Nganten is consist of some
stages. Now days a Nganten will always be initiated
by the couple from making acquaintance of each other
until coming to the consensus of living together
tied in the marriage with the witness of both parents
and families. If all of them agreed and the step
toward the marriage got approval, then the parent
and families of the man will come and inform the
parent of the woman that their son firmly request
their daughter. This step is called Memadik, meaning
informal request while introducing the parent and
families of the man to parent and families of the
woman. Let's say that from woman parties basically
agreed. Second step is a formal request called "
Ngidih " or " Ngunduh ", where the
parents, families and the formal and informal leaders
of the village of the man will come to escort the
family of the man to the parents of the woman. Here
the involvement of village formal leader will discuss
about the demographic status in relation with the
residency requirements, while the traditional leaders
will discuss about the traditional obligation and
right of a woman that married to outsiders or insiders
resident in their village and the obligation of
the parents of the man toward the village of the
woman. In most cases during Ngidih, the temple ceremony
called "Mapamit" is organized at once.
Mapamit means such as farewell, but not a party,
where the woman ask permission to their parents,
families, traditional organizations where she was
member, ancestors, and the spirits of what her families
believe in, including the manifestation of the almighty
gods that she and her people in the village always
worship. This is followed by a religious ceremony
at the village of the man such as an information
to the whole entities of the village that the village
receive a new member and be considered as the same
status of the other members. Here again the making
of offering for ritual become the most focus of
man families. The ritual is called " Masakapan
" or Maperebuan ". Third step is informing
back to the parents and family of the woman that
all procedures are fulfilled at the village of the
man. This step also involves the making of offerings
to be sacrificed to the family temples, village
temples, and the family temple of the woman. This
step is called " Ngaba Jaja" meaning bring
souvenir. Traditionally the event of Nganten up
here is finished. At some village still some additional
event such as a sacrificial event called "
Klaci " meaning that the parents of the woman
must conduct a ceremony at the village temple and
donating a pig, or rice to the member of the village
to make the ceremony conducted. This ceremony is
probably come from a tradition of ancient resident
group that prevent their member from living out
their group, so senses a fine. This type of ritual
is very rare.
In most cases all above steps are not at a one time
finish. Between Mamadik, Ngidih, Masakapan and Ngaba
Jaja can be quiet a distance of time, depending
on the economic situation of the family of the man.
Masakapan and Ngaba Jaja for example can be realized
years after the Ngidih and Maperebuan. Some are
even after having grand children, or after death
at some places due to the complicated ritual requirements.
Where is wedding could be attributed for Balinese
marriage? It is really hard to make the comparison,
yet very recently, not older then 1960s, the tradition
of Christianity such as wedding reception does influence
Balinese Nganten, especially inviting far distance
friends, superiors, or staffs. Normally this reception
is organized together during the Ngidih event which
is directly followed by Masakapan. But some organized
this reception during Ngidih, and some during Masakapan.
During Masakapan without the influence of Christian
tradition, the member of the village or relative
will without invitation come to the event bringing
rice, coconut, sugar, egg, or any product of the
farming. With the influence of wedding reception,
now the member of the village or far relatives if
they know will come at the time of reception. Indeed
delicious meals are prepared for. Very lately a
new tradition again influenced the process of Masakapan
that is the making of envelope box. Even some has
enough courage to write an invitation card, and
further even have bold courage to write on the invitation
" sorry we do not receive souvenir " and
this phrase has been in acclamation translated into
money in envelope.
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